Imagine if 1 Rupee= 45 $ ??
Here is an old imagination... but renewed now...
What happens if ONE INDIAN RUPEE = FORTY-FIVE AMERICAN DOLLARS !!!
There'll be tremendous improvement in the economy of India. India's exports will increase, imports will decrease ad ...
India becomes a super power as Economy is Power.
That is this. Yes. From today on,
"ONE INDIAN RUPEE = FORTY-FIVE AMERICAN DOLLARS"
Imagine... from then, this may happen...
SCENE 1
Venue : Microsoft Corporation, New York, US
Some s/w engineers are seeing Photos.
s/w engg 1 : What's that?
s/w engg 2 : Bob's photographs from India.
s/w engg 1 : WOW! Let me see. Which is this place?
s/w engg 3 : (Sees the photo) This is Ramanthapur, Hyderabad.
s/w engg 1 : WOW! And what is this? He's got an TVS 50 also.
s/w engg 2 : Let me see (sees). Sexy yaar. This guy enjoys life man...
s/w engg 3 : You know how much a TVS 50 costs? Nearly 200K. Say it in dollars...
s/w engg 2: Oops. We can't dream of such a thing here.
s/w engg 1 : Let's go to India & try for a job.
[Everybody excited.]
SCENE 2
Venue: Sun Microsystems, SanFrancisco, California, US
s/w engg 1: I'm with you man. My Visa is expected
anytime. Soon I will fly to India
s/w engg 2 : Ohhh... When is the party?
s/w engg 1: When I get it on hand.
s/w engg 2: Where will you be working?
s/w engg 1 : I'll be working in Madhapur.
s/w engg 2 : Oh! Madhapur. Great yaar. where'z it ...
s/w engg 1 : It is in Hyderabad.
s/w engg 3 : Exciting place yaar. Nice climate Not like California. You’ll love the weather yaar.One of my friends is in Jaipur,Rajasthan...He says it's the ultimate place to live in. Cool maan.
s/w engg 2 : Who is the client yaar?
s/w engg 1: You know Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad?
s/w engg 3 : Yeah. MCH. One of my friends is there in the Road Cleaning Division. Most challenging job yaar. People are working in the cutting edge of technology there.
s/w engg 1 : I'll be writing software for the accounts department of the GCU.
s/w engg 2: GCU? what it means...?
s/w engg 1 : that is Garbage Collecting Unit.
s/w engg 3 : : Great yaar. That's what I like about that country. You can get a job which requires all your skill. Not like here. See I'm writing software for the space shuttle remote control.I hate this.
s/w engg 1 : Don't worry guys. I'll give you my Hotmail id. You can send your resume to me and I'll forward it to the HRD.
[Everybody takes down his Hotmail id.]
SCENE 3
Venue: IBM, New York, US
(Conversation between a Male s/w engg. and Female s/w engg.)
Male : Hi!
Female: Hi. You know. I'm planning to settle in India soon.
Male : What??
Female : Yeah. My marriage will be here in America only. He is doing his B.Tech in Al-Habeeb College and he's coming here for a month. His study will be over in 2 months. He's already got a job in BEBO (Bharat Electricity Board). We planned to settle in Mehdipatnam itself... I'm also planning to work there. Let's see...
Male: Good luck... dont forget us & US...
SCENE 4
Venue: Intel Corp. US
s/w engg 1: Great news guys. Our George has got admission in the Al-Habeeb College in Hyd with scholarship for B.Tech ( EIE). A great new field yaar...
All are excited...
George : Got my Visa yesterday. It's all finalized now.
s/w engg 2 : Congrats yaar. So you are out of this country.
S/w engg 1 : B.Tech in Electronics And Instrumentation ...ohh...man, enjoy your life there?
s/w engg 2 : : Got full aid, eh?
George : Yeah. Got the UGC scholarship That will be 120 Rupees per Year. . . (sooo great)
s/w engg 1 : Great. Enjoy.
s/w engg 2 : (Thinking loud) Hmmm... 120 Indian Rupees ...! That means 120 * 45 = 5400 Dollars... with that amount I can buy a three bed-room flat & a Mercedes here...!!!
5.18.2008
Bug Detector With Beep
Schematic
Parts
1. R1 ( 390 ohm, 5% )
2. R2 ( 390 ohm, 5% )
3. C1 ( 1000 uF, 10V )
4. C2 ( 1.5 uF, 10V )
5. C3 ( 3.9 nF )
6. C4 ( 20 pF, Trimmer )
7. C5 ( 10 nF / 0.01uF or 103 )
8. IC1, IC2 ( 7413 or 74LS13 )
Source: uoguelph
Parts
1. R1 ( 390 ohm, 5% )
2. R2 ( 390 ohm, 5% )
3. C1 ( 1000 uF, 10V )
4. C2 ( 1.5 uF, 10V )
5. C3 ( 3.9 nF )
6. C4 ( 20 pF, Trimmer )
7. C5 ( 10 nF / 0.01uF or 103 )
8. IC1, IC2 ( 7413 or 74LS13 )
Source: uoguelph
Birdie Doorbell Ringer
Shematic
Notes
P1 is of experimental value. Start with 220 Ohms or so and modify to suit your needs. The transistor is a general purpose kind and is not critical, almost any PNP type will work. L1 is a bell-transformer which is usually already present in the house. If you wish, you could use a battery instead of the bell transformer. Just hookup a 9-volt battery (or wall adapter)to points 'A' and 'B' (A=+) the diode (D1) is to protect the circuit from accidental polarity reversal and is optional, but required as a rectifier for use with the bell transformer.
T1 is a General Purpose PNP transistor and probably anything will work. L2 comes out of an old am transistor radio. They look like miniature transformers and are usually colored red or green. You have to fiddle with different transformers as the sound can vary depending on the value.
The loudspeaker is a 8 Ohm type and must be larger than 200milli-Watt. I used a 2Watt type, but anything over 0.2W will do. It really sounds like a bird and when you release the doorbell button the sound slowly fades away. I have used this circuit in my house for over 20 years and even build the "Birdie" for others. Although an old circuit, the experimentation and the final results still give a punch. . . .Have fun!
Source: uoguelph
Notes
P1 is of experimental value. Start with 220 Ohms or so and modify to suit your needs. The transistor is a general purpose kind and is not critical, almost any PNP type will work. L1 is a bell-transformer which is usually already present in the house. If you wish, you could use a battery instead of the bell transformer. Just hookup a 9-volt battery (or wall adapter)to points 'A' and 'B' (A=+) the diode (D1) is to protect the circuit from accidental polarity reversal and is optional, but required as a rectifier for use with the bell transformer.
T1 is a General Purpose PNP transistor and probably anything will work. L2 comes out of an old am transistor radio. They look like miniature transformers and are usually colored red or green. You have to fiddle with different transformers as the sound can vary depending on the value.
The loudspeaker is a 8 Ohm type and must be larger than 200milli-Watt. I used a 2Watt type, but anything over 0.2W will do. It really sounds like a bird and when you release the doorbell button the sound slowly fades away. I have used this circuit in my house for over 20 years and even build the "Birdie" for others. Although an old circuit, the experimentation and the final results still give a punch. . . .Have fun!
Source: uoguelph
5.16.2008
Electronic Stethoscope
Description:
U1a operates as a low-noise microphone preamp. Its gain is only about 3.9 because the high output impedance of the drain of the FET inside the electret microphone causes U1a s effective input resistor to be about 12.2K. C2 has a fairly high value in order to pass very low frequency (about 20 to 30Hz) heartbeat sounds.
U1b operates as a low-noise Sallen and Key, Butterworth low-pass-filter with a cutoff frequency of about 103Hz. R7 and R8 provide a gain of about 1.6 and allow the use of equal values for C3 and C4 but still producing a sharp Butterworth response. The rolloff rate is 12dB/octave. C3 and C4 can be reduced to 4.7nF to increase the cutoff frequency to 1KHz to hear respiratory or mechanical (automobile engine) sounds.
The U4 circuit is optional and has a gain of 71 to drive the bi-colour LED.
U5 is a 1/4W power amplifier IC with built-in biasing and inputs that are referred to ground. It has a gain of 20. It can drive any type of headphones including low impedance (8 ohms) ones.
Schematic
Parts
Assembly
Assemble the circuit using Veroboard (stripboard) or a PCB.
Use a shielded cable for the microphone as shown on the schematic.
Fasten the microphone to the stethoscope head with a rubber isolating sleeve or use a short piece of rubber tubing on its nipple. A thick jar lid can be used as a stethoscope head. The microphone must be spaced away from the skin but the stethoscope head must be pressed to the skin, sealing the microphone from background noises and avoiding acoustical feedback with your headphones.
The microphone/stethoscope head must not be moved while listening to heartbeats to avoid friction noises.
Protect your hearing. Keep the microphone away from your headphones to avoid acoustical feedback.
U1a operates as a low-noise microphone preamp. Its gain is only about 3.9 because the high output impedance of the drain of the FET inside the electret microphone causes U1a s effective input resistor to be about 12.2K. C2 has a fairly high value in order to pass very low frequency (about 20 to 30Hz) heartbeat sounds.
U1b operates as a low-noise Sallen and Key, Butterworth low-pass-filter with a cutoff frequency of about 103Hz. R7 and R8 provide a gain of about 1.6 and allow the use of equal values for C3 and C4 but still producing a sharp Butterworth response. The rolloff rate is 12dB/octave. C3 and C4 can be reduced to 4.7nF to increase the cutoff frequency to 1KHz to hear respiratory or mechanical (automobile engine) sounds.
The U4 circuit is optional and has a gain of 71 to drive the bi-colour LED.
U5 is a 1/4W power amplifier IC with built-in biasing and inputs that are referred to ground. It has a gain of 20. It can drive any type of headphones including low impedance (8 ohms) ones.
Schematic
Parts
R1 | 1 | 10K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R2 | 1 | 2.2K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R3, R9 | 0 | Not used |
|
| R4 | 1 | 47K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R5, R6, R7 | 3 | 33K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R8 | 1 | 56K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R10 | 1 | 4.7K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R11 | 1 | 2.2K to 10K audio-taper (logarithmic) volume control |
|
| R12 | 1 | 330K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R13, R15, R16 | 3 | 1K 1/4W Resistor |
|
| R14 | 1 | 3.9 Ohm 1/4W Resistor |
|
| C1, C8 | 2 | 470uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor |
|
| C2 | 1 | 4.7uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor |
|
| C3, C4 | 3 | 0.047uF/50V Metalized plastic-film Capacitor |
|
| C5 | 1 | 0.1uF/50V Ceramic disc Capacitor |
|
| C6, C7 | 2 | 1000uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor |
|
| U1 U2, U3 U4 U5 | 1 0 1 1 | TL072 Low-noise, dual opamp Not used 741 opamp LM386 1/4W power amp
|
|
| MIC | 1 | Two-wire Electret Microphone |
|
| J1 | 1 | 1/8" Stereo Headphones Jack |
|
| LED | 1 | Red/green 2-wire LED |
|
| Batt1, Batt2 | 2 |
| |
| SW | 1 | 2-pole, single throw Power Switch |
|
| Misc. | 1 | Stethoscope head or jar lid, Rubber Sleeve for microphone. |
Assembly
Assemble the circuit using Veroboard (stripboard) or a PCB.
Use a shielded cable for the microphone as shown on the schematic.
Fasten the microphone to the stethoscope head with a rubber isolating sleeve or use a short piece of rubber tubing on its nipple. A thick jar lid can be used as a stethoscope head. The microphone must be spaced away from the skin but the stethoscope head must be pressed to the skin, sealing the microphone from background noises and avoiding acoustical feedback with your headphones.
The microphone/stethoscope head must not be moved while listening to heartbeats to avoid friction noises.
Protect your hearing. Keep the microphone away from your headphones to avoid acoustical feedback.
5.15.2008
How to Solder
The solder pen must touch and heat up both the pad and the wire.
The solder should be fed to the side opposite the pen, not to the pen itself.
It will simply melt when the surface it touches is hot enough.
Source : elxevilgenius.com
The solder should be fed to the side opposite the pen, not to the pen itself.
It will simply melt when the surface it touches is hot enough.
Source : elxevilgenius.com
5.14.2008
Electronics Assistant
License : Freeware.
Electronics Assistant is a Windows program that performs electronics-related calculations. It includes a resistor colour code calculator, resistance, capacitance and power calculations and more. Details of calculations can be saved or printed. It provides all the functions found in the calculators section of this site and more in a stand-alone user friendly program.
Version 4.1 has now been released and includes the following new features:
- Updated user interface
- Extra calculators for inductance and frequency
- Calculation of nearest preferred resistor values with a choice of 5 series from E12 to E192
- Links to open Windows Calculator and up to 3 user-defined programs from Electronics Assistant
- Information panels can be toggled on or off to save space when not required
- Built-in automatic new version update check
- Various bug fixes and enhancements
Version 4.1 also fixes a number of errors found in version 4.0.
If the above link does'nt work try this mirror link: [Download]
Source : electronics2000